AHKAM WA ADAB

 

Assalamualaikum . Happy Friday readers . Today is the head of the day . Hopefully , you will have a majestic day today . I want to ask you one question . The question is 

Manners (adab) and Islamic code of laws (ahkam) , which one is important ?

[ you guys can share you answer in the comment section down below ]

 Let's we start it !

Before that , lets go deeply into the ahkam first. 

What is the meaning of Ahkam ? 

The word Ahkam is plural of Hukm . It is a references of Islamic code laws , derived and understood from religious jurisprudence . It is a law , ordinance , value , or ruling of Islamic laws . In order to arrive at any new hukm , one must employ a systematic methodology by which to extract meaning from the sources . In traditional technique , this methodology has been categorized under the rules of ijtihad . Ijtihad (independent reasoning , authentic scholarly endeavor)is the term for do the hukm .

As-Sa'di explains , " Creation (al-khalqu) contains the laws of kauni taqdiri (nature-destiny ) , and the comman (al-amru) contains the laws of early tasyri'i (religion-sharia') ." (Tafsir As-Sa'di, p.328)

Based on the picture provided , there are five types of ruling for every action that made by mankind :-

1. Obligatory ( wajib )

- It is an action that classified as obligation and must be performed by anyone who is considered as a mukallaf . For instance , a Muslim must performing prayer and issuing alms when he got enough requirements . However , from those who refuses to fulfill  the obligatory act deserves torture and punishment from the Supreme Lawgiver Allah in the hereafter. Sometime , we also can get the punishment in this world such as life is restless and difficult because it do not get the blessing from God. For this action , whoever does it will be rewarded and whoever leaves it will get sin

2. Recommended ( sunat )

-  It is an action that we as a human is imitating the way of or Prophet Muhammad SAW acts such as how he is eating , performing fasting Monday and  thursday , siwak (bersugi ) and others . There are two types of Sunnah which are Sunnah Mu'akkadah ( a confirmed/established) and Sunnah Ghayr Mu'akkadah. For this action , whoever does it will be rewarded and whoever leaves it do not get sin or punished .

3.Permissible ( harus )

- It is an action that almighty god gives us the choice either doing it or abstaining from it . This action which fall under category are neutral . However , the true Muslim should not keep himself occupied with permissible actions  such as playing halal games or watching halal television shows , as they waste their time . For this action , whoever does it do not get rewarded and whoever leaves it also do not get punished

4.Disliked ( makruh )

- It is an action that almighty god encourages us to no to does this thing , but not in a decisive manner . For this action , whoever does it do not be rewarded and whoever leaves it also do not be rewarded . Based on that , we should not to perform this action even though  we it do not effect pahala and sin , but Allah is the one who dislike this action .

5.Prohibited (haram)

- It is an action that classified as prohibited and must be avoided by the Muslims itself . The examples this point is , drinking alcohol , stealing , committing illegal sexual , lying , killing others and so on .For this action , whoever does it will get the punishment from Allah , and whoever leaves it will be rewarded from Him.

Therefore , now lets get into good manners .

From the ancient to modern , human nature desires a society based on moral , etiquette and manners which provides a stable life leading to happiness among them. We have to believe that our Prophet Muhammad SAW had a character as a model for all humanity to follow . As we know Islamic religion also had a character called insaniyah (humanity). 

By an act of mercy from God, you O' Prophet were gentle in your dealings with them  had you been harsh, or hard-hearted, they would have dispersed and left you - so pardon them  and ask forgiveness for them. Consult with them about matters, then, when you have  decided on a course of action, put your trust in God:God loves those who put their trust in Him? Quran 3:159  

As a Muslim , The oneness God had revealed the Holy book to our Prophet Muhammad SAW as a guidance for us and we need to refer it in every action that we encourage to do . These are list of 75 good manners that we can learn from our manual ( Al-Quran) :-

1. Don't lie (22:30)
2. Don't spy (49:12)
3. Don't exult (28:76)
4. Don't insult (49:11)
5. Don't waste (17:26)
6. Feed the poor (22:36)
7. Don't backbite (49:12)
8. Keep your oaths (5:89)
9. Don't take bribes (27:36)
10. Honour your treaties (9:4)
11. Restrain your anger (3:134)
12. Don't spread gossip (24:15)
13. Think good of others (24:12)
14. Be good to guests (51:24-27)
15. Don't harm believers (33:58)
16. Don't be rude to parents (17:23)
17. Turn away from ill speech (23:3)
18. Don't make fun of others (49:11)
19. Walk in a humble manner (25:63)
20. Respond to evil with good (41:34)
21. Don't say what you don't do (62:2)
22. Keep your trusts & promises (23:8)
23. Don't insult others' false gods (6:108)
24. Don't deceive people in trade (6:152)
25. Don't take items without right (3:162)
26. Don't ask unnecessary questions (5:101)
27. Don't be miserly nor extravagant (25:67)
28. Don't call others with bad names (49:11)
29. Don't claim yourselves to be pure (53:32)
30. Speak nicely, even to the ignorant (25:63)
31. Don't ask for repayment for favours (76:9)
32. Make room for others at gatherings (58:11)
33. If enemy wants peace, then accept it (8:61)
34. Return a greeting in a better manner (4:86)
35. Don't remind others of your favours (2:264)
36. Make peace between fighting groups (49:9)
37. Lower your voice and talk moderately (31:19)
38. Don't let hatred cause you to be unjust (6:108)
39. Don't ask too many favours from people (2:273)
40. Greet people when entering their home (24:27)
41. Be just, even against yourself & relatives (4:135)
42. Speak gently, even to leaders of disbelief (20:44)
43. Don't criticize small contributions of others (9:79)
44. Don't call the Prophet how you call others' (24:63)
45. Try to make peace between husband & wife (4:128)
46. Don't call the Prophet from outside his rooms (49:4)
47. Oppression /corruption is worse than killing (2:217)
48. Preach to others in a good and wise manner (16:125)
49. Don't accuse others of immorality without proof (24:4)
50. Consider wives of the Prophet like your mothers (33:6)
51. Don't raise your voice above that of the Prophet's (49:2)
52. Don't call someone a disbeliever without knowing (4:94)
53. Seek permission before entering someone's room (24:59)
54. Know your enemies can become your close friends (41:34)
55. Don't wrongly consume the wealth of the vulnerable (4:29)
56. Don't turn your cheek away from people in arrogance (31:18)
57. Forgive others, as you would like Allah to forgive you (24:22)
58. Seek Prophet's permission when leaving his gathering (24:62)
59. Don't hold secret meetings for sin, rather do so for piety (58:9)
60. Don't order others to do good while forgetting it yourself (2:44)
61. Be patient with your teacher & follow his instructions (18:67-69)
62. Don't frown, turn away or neglect those who come to you (80:10)
63. If unable to help a needy person, at least speak nice words (17:28)
64. Be lenient to those under you, and consult them in matters (3:159)
65. Verify information from a dubious source before acting upon it (49:6)
66. Don't remain in the Prophet's home unnecessarily after a meal (33:53)
67. Those who can should continue to spend on those less fortunate (24:22)
68. Don't enter homes without permission & return if refused entry (24:27-28)
69. Don't sit with those who mock religion until they change the subject (4:140)
70. Say it's not appropriate to talk of slander when it's mentioned to you (24:16)
71. If required to ask the Prophet's wives, then do so from behind a screen (33:53)
72. Divorce in an amicable manner instead of keeping & harming your wife (2:231)
73. Punish in an equivalent manner to how you were harmed or be patient (16:126)
74. Differences in color & language are signs of Allah, not means of superiority (49:13)
75. Don't take women by force, nor take back bridal gift without a valid reason & live with them in kindness (4:19)

      As a conclusion , both of it Islamic code laws and manner are important for our life . For instance , in one aspects , the ahkam help us to maintain a good relatioship with Allah and get his blessing . At the same time , the good manners help us to maintain a good relationship among human . Therefore , we will live in peace and tranquility without any enmity .

References from ,

• https://findwords.info/term/ahkam#:~:text=Ahkam%20(%20plural%20of%20Hukm%20)%20is,'ah%20(Islamic%20law).
• http://islamic-ilm.blogspot.com/2012/02/five-types-of-ahkam.html
• https://tafaqquh.net/2019/12/29/hukum-allah-dalam-segala-sesuatu/
• https://www.islamicity.org/14618/good-manners-in-the-quran/